Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and schoolmaster of the fly EssayFrankenstein and Lord of the Flies were written in diametric centuries. Analyse the quasi(prenominal)ities and discuss the differences which you prolong found in these texts. You should pay particular attention to fiberisation, style and theme.Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the 18th Century. As in that location was no cinema or television available books were a widely accessible form of entertainment. Particularly fantastical texts like Dracula and Vathek were popular, books like these were not implicatet to be thought of as a portrayal of realism, this is why Frankenstein is truly unbelievable. Frankenstein is set in a time when new science posed a holy terror to Christian beliefs, as society started to believe that military man could be created. This all promisemed very possible in the early 18th Century because Benjamin Franklin had previously invented a lightning conductor and in 1802 Galvani ran a current through a frogs legs and it produced a twitch. The thought of starting keep with lightning terrified people because of the d wraths it appe atomic number 18d to pose to foil human life.William Golding published Lord of the Flies in 1954, nine long time after the end of the Second World War. So there were still conflicts passage on between Russia and America, Golding utilise the idea of continuous war and portrayed it onto the island. The text concerns a group of public school boys getting trapped on an island after their plane crashes they all have traditional upbringings and attitudes.Other books, which had previously been written such as Swiss Family Robinson and Coral Island, featured a similar situation only with a happier ending, these types of books were all very unrealistic and fairytale like. William Golding wrote what he thought would really happen if anyone ever faced this situation. The two common peoples that devise in Lord of the Flies ( mariners and Ralphs) represent Hi tler and the Nazis against the allies (America, Great Britain etc). The Italians swapped sides during the war as the Nazis became weaker Sam and Eric reflect this as they join Jacks tribe because Ralphs is less(prenominal) popular.Both books have many similarities and differences between them. The main similarity is that both books be about lines of civilisation creation broken revealing the darker sides of peoples characters. The boys in Lord of the Flies are immediately, physically desolate after their plane crashes. Nobody knows where they are and there are no adults. In Shelleys book, the character Frankenstein chooses to be separated as his call on is more important to him than anything around him.One similarity between the two books are the characters Piggy and the wight. These two characters are both judged by their appearance. Piggy is shorter than the fair boy and very fat. He has asthma and thick spectacles. The creature has yellow skin and straight black lips, in bot h cases we merchant ship immediately tell that they are physically several(predicate). Even Frankenstein, the creatures creator dreaded to behold him. They both become isolated and victimised because other people see them as being different this creates a feeling of sympathy towards both characters throughout the books. They similarly both have no parents as Piggys dads dead, and his mum, and the creature sayNo father has watched my infant days, no mother had blessed mewith smiles and caresses.The creature feels sadness and rejection and believes that having parents is important, this is in like manner implicit in the case of Piggy, exactly the creature has never been love by anyone so the feeling of depression is greater. It can be argued however that, in a modality the creature has been loved as Frankenstein loved him while he was creating him. When he is brought to life the love he had previously received from Frankenstein ends.The difference between these two characters i s that Piggys intelligence is threatening to the other boys as he has some sensible ideas that the boys do not wish to carry out. He saysWhich is better- to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?The boys ignore him as they have already descended into tribalism at this point. Piggys intelligence is threatening because he has a very defined idea of what is right and wrong and he is a very lesson person. The creatures intelligence is harmless as he only wishes to fit in. However, as the creature becomes more knowledgeable he discovered what a wretched friendless he was. He has no idea of what is right and wrong and only wants to fit in. The aim of intelligence an individual has, whether it is a lot or a little can still make them isolated from others. From the start of Lord of the Flies we can tell that Piggy wants to fit in by the agency he follows Ralph.Ralph disentangled himself cautiously and stole away through thebranches. In a few seconds the fat boys grunts were behind h im.He is last to put his feed up to vote for RalphEvery hand outside the choir except Piggys was raised immediately.He hesitates because although he wants to vote for Ralph he does not want to be the only one who votes for him. He wants to fit in and not be the odd one out.It is implicit that Piggy was not very popular at school as They used to call him Piggy. This is why he follows Ralph in the way he does he desperately tries to try and make friends as he feels depressed and sad about his previous school life. He is not very attractive this is a reflection of how people perceive him.There are not just similarities between Piggy and the creature. Frankenstein and Ralph are too similar because although they are in different situations, they both have something they want to achieve. Ralph desperately wants to be rescued from the island. He constantly tries to keep the fire going as The fire is the main thing, because it is a signal to people to show that they are stranded. Frankens teins contract is to take science a step further by creating new life without using nature. They are both headstrong and both have give office staff to achieve what they want to.Unlike Frankenstein, Ralph sees reality as he acknowledges that if they do not try to get rescued they will die on the island.without the smoke signal well die hereRalph is far more shell outate than Frankenstein. Frankenstein does not consider the consequences of his actions and as a issue of this he creates a disaster. He does not see reality as he becomes so determined to be the first person to create life. While Frankenstein is preoccupied with creating life, Ralph believes that preserving life is more important.Frankenstein can excessively be compared to Simon from Lord of the Flies. They are both symbolic of Christ. Simon passed food down to outstretched hands and Frankenstein stated thatfood that I had killed, which after taking a small part, I alwayspresented to those who had provided me.They a re both kind and considerate and the way they give to others is much like the selfsame(prenominal) way that Jesus did. Although Frankenstein has been isolated and anti social for a few years he is still amiable. Simon is surrounded by a lot of biblical images all through the book.The way that Simon appreciates the island and nature seems quite strange to the other boys. He is described as cracked and batty. In the same way Frankenstein gets remarks because he enjoys the structure of the human frame. and philosophy. Both Simon and Frankenstein are intransigent as they ignore any comments tackling their views. Frankenstein believes thatA new species would bless me as its creator would owe theirbeing to me.He wants to be worshipped and idolised for creating life like God. Simon wants to appreciate his surroundings, which God as created. Frankenstein states thatNo father could claim the gratitude of his child so altogetheras I should deserve theirs.He becomes arrogant and his ego beg ins to swell. He wants to totally change the way in which humans are brought to life and he becomes insatiably infatuated with this. Simon willingly accepts the beauty of nature and he sees things differently to other people, like the beast only being a fallen buffer sto folly (this shows more clarity of thought than the other boys).Unlike Frankenstein, Simons character is very vague, he is simply known as the boy who fainted towards the beginning of the book. He is also described as a vivid little boy. No one really understands him as he has more maturity to understand things than the other boys, but he does not have the vocabulary to express his views and feelings. Frankensteins character is not constant through the book. At first he is very unorthodox, as he does not consider the views or beliefs of anyone around him. Towards the end of the book he becomes remorseful as he realises that he has created a demoniacal corpse.When Simon died the clouds looseed and permit down the r ain like a waterfall. This is pathetic fallacy as it reflects what is happening in the story. Simon is seen as God- like, and the storm and heavy rain is like Gods anger against the savage boys sin. It is as if they killed the good on the island and it cannot be justified or tolerated. After he is killed the language used is very calming there was a trickle of water and no noise. This is ethereal, as if Simons body is being taken by angels up to heaven. The way Simons dead body moved out towards the open sea is very heavenly. When Simon sees the Lord of the Flies for the first time, Golding saysEven if he shut his eyes, the sows head still remained like an after-imageThey assured Simon that everything was a bad business.It is as if Simon is getting a vision from God the sows head demonstrated how the hunting has got out of control. God is warning him that what is happening on the island cannot be accepted. After this has happened it is teetotal that Simon is killed for being mistak en for the beast. The message given to him was right the hunting on the island had become a bad business. The difference between the two books is that Frankenstein is a man of science and Simon is a man of spirit. In Frankenstein it is science against religion, where as in Lord of the Flies the human need to survive is put against society.Another character from Lord of the Flies who can be compared to Frankenstein is Jack. It is clear from the start that Jack will potentially be a threat from his appearance. He has red tomentum which signifies a fiery temper, and red is also used for warning signs, which indicate danger. Both Jack and Frankenstein become obsessive about certain things. Frankenstein becomes obsessed with creating the creature and Jack lets hunting become his obsession. Jack begins to bring up hunting in most conversations, he saidAll the same- in the forest. I mean when youre hunting.He is the first to suggest that the choir form a group called the hunters and he is always the first to lead them out into the forest to go on a hunt he insists to the other boys that meat is important. Jack becomes excited by droppings that steamed he bends down to them as though he loved them. This is clearly not natural behaviour and these are definite signs that his obsession with hunting has gone too far.Frankenstein gets so engrossed with his work that he forgets about his family. He, like Jack, becomes disturbingly infatuated with his project as he does many inhumane thingsHecollected bones from charnel- houses and disturbed, withprofane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame.The war cry profane is important because it illustrates the way he shows disrespect for religion. In Lord of the Flies the other religion could be classed as Ralphs tribe. Jack does not consider the welfare of these boys and he becomes so obsessed with hunting that he forgets both his morals and the fact that the boys need to be rescued. While Jack is hunting The unwisene ss came into his eyes again. He has the urge to kill and his obsession has got so far out of control he is losing his sanity.However, these two characters are also very different because Jack has a cruel personality he picks on the weaker boys. Piggy is usually his victim he singles him out for the way he looks, he says, shut up fatty and you fat slug. He smacked Piggys head and he is also very sarcastic towards himWe mustnt let anything happen to Piggy, must we?His character is also very fierce this becomes apparent from the language used. The way he slashed, slammed and snatched shows he is destructive. He acts like this so that the other boys become afraid of him and do not challenge his views he feels powerful and dominant. He gains respect from the other boys by behaving like thisJack looked round for understanding and found only respect.He regains the power which he lost from not being voted chief by behaving in this way, and he also feels he has control over the other boys. T he boys do not always agree with him, they just followed him obediently because they are afraid of him.Jack is also like the creature because they both show their darker sides after being isolated. Jack believes he has the qualities to be leader because he can sing C sharp. When Ralph is voted leader, Jack immediately becomes isolated, and tension occurs between them as he constantly challenges Ralph to be leader.The creature becomes isolated because he is not socially accepted, as he looks different. His treacherous side shows as his level of intelligence increases. He begins to feel rage and revenge towards Frankenstein, in the same way Jack feels for Ralph. The creature says thatI declared ever-lasting war against the species, and more than all,against him who had formed me.The language used here is very strong he shows feelings of hate towards Frankenstein because he enrolled him into a world of misery. Jack and the creature both develop feelings of hatred towards the ones who h ave ostracised them.Some of the words used to describe Jack and Frankenstein are animalistic. When Jack is hunting it is like he almost becomes an animal, he sniffs the air and comes trotting back. When Frankenstein gets angry he gnashed his teeth and ground them together. They do mot appear human as they are stripped of human characteristics such as conscience and morality. This suggests that they have evil natures.These evil natures can also be shown by the inhumane killings that occur in both books. Lord of the Flies and Frankenstein both feature violence, death and murder. In Frankenstein the creature becomes completely demoralize like Jack and Roger, the murders they commit are brutal, but the reader is more sympathetic for the creature because he has never been loved and however desperately he tried to find a friend he was always rejected. The boys in Lord of the Flies have been loved and brought up in a spectral manner, so they have no excuse to kill.The boys deconstruction of their reality mirrors the creatures construction of reality. This can be shown when Simon is brutally torn apart, where as the monster is pieced together. Simon can also be related to the creature because he has a problem, which he cannot do anything about. Simon is epileptic and the creature is ugly and 8 foot tall. These are problems, which can forfeit them from being like other people.In Frankenstein the style in which the book is written is totally different than that of Lord of the Flies. There are three concentrical layers, one within the other. The outer layer, which is the shortest, is Robert Waltons letters to his sister describing his voyage to the North Pole. In the next layer Frankenstein tells the story of how he created the monster and how he given it in disgust. In the third layer the creature describes the struggle he has trying to fit in. There are also multiple storytellers in Frankenstein. In Lord of the Flies the book has a linear narrative as it reads fro m beginning to end, it is narrated entirely by the author.As Frankenstein is a gothic horror book, the murders do not come as much of a surprise to the reader, where as Lord of the Flies features innocent, young school boys committing brutal murders. So the shock valuate in Lord of the Flies is greater and indeed more horrific than that in Frankenstein. The books are also both written in a way so that the reader looses track of time. Many phrases are used in the text to imply that a lot of time has passed, like Two years had now nearly elapsed and Six years had elapsed. This reflects the insanity that develops in the characters.In Lord of the Flies there is a system of hierarchy, as there is only one place at the top Jack and Ralph constantly fight to be the highest so that they have power over the other boys. These boys are underneath Jack and Ralph in the hierarchy so they are not as powerful they are, this is why they follow one of them. Piggy is one of the weaker boys at the bo ttom this is why he is victimised. In Frankenstein there is no system of hierarchy, everyone in the text is considered as equal.In both books there is a section reversal. In Lord of the Flies Ralph goes from being leader to an outcast who is left to survive on his own. Jacks hunting tribe eventually over powers Ralphs tribe who want to be rescued. This shows the immaturity of the boys as they forget their priorities. The role reversal in Frankenstein occurs between Frankenstein and the creature. Frankenstein has power over the creature while he is creating him, but when he disowns him he is left to do what he likes. He becomes more powerful than Frankenstein (and indeed any human being) because of his sheer stature and his increased level of intelligence. Frankenstein is aware of the fact that he does not have any morals as he killed innocent children. The creature realises thisYou are my creator, but I am your master obeyRole reversals are used in the text to show that the goodnes s in a person does not always win.I have already discussed thematic issues within characterisation, but the main theme in both books is about the darkness of Mans soul. The evil side of man, which is inherent in everybody, can be brought out in different situations. The two books show this in different ways. Frankenstein involves an adult world confronted with many scientific changes. Lord of the Flies shows a world entirely populated by children who struggle to survive. However, in both books the same message is delivered the notion of society breaks down when there is zippo to uphold it. This is explored through the themes of isolation, difference, anger, ambition and obsession.While the boys on the island are unwillingly taken out of society structure and the creature is forcefully thrust into it, the result is the same- the hidden darkness of mans soul is revealed.

The fun drive company Essay Example for Free

The fun drive company EssayOnce all the required info has been collected and verified and in like manner approved by the manager of the Fun Drive Company, the changes would be put into action. Firstly, the data would be sorted into tables. I would create a Main board to access formulates, reports and queries.The tables that would be created in order to organize the data are as follows Dealers Table The fields in this table would be Dealers Id, Dealers Name, Address, Contact play and e-mail. And the Primary tonality is the Dealers Id. FIELD NAME DATA TYPE Dealers Id government issue Name school text Address Text Contact Number Number Email Text The use of validation would be necessary in the Dealers Id and Contact Number. The Validation Rule for the Dealers Id would be 0 and the Validation Text would be entryway must(prenominal) Be A Nonzero Value. The Validation Rule for the Contact Number would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Entry must Be A Nonzero Value.Inp ut Mask Name -Dealers Id 999 Suppliers Table The fields in this table would be Suppliers Id, Name, Address, Contact Number, souvenir Name, Quantity and Email. The Primary Key in this table would be the Suppliers Id. FIELD NAME DATA TYPE Suppliers Id Number Name Text Address Text Contact Number Number gunpoint Name Text Quantity Number Email Text The Validation Rule for Suppliers Id would be 0 and the Validation text would be Entry must(prenominal) be A Nonzero Value. The Validation Rule for Contact Number would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Entry Must Be A Nonzero Value. Input Mask Name.Suppliers Id 999 Quantity 999 Employees Table The fields in the employees table are Employees Id, Name, Telephone Number, net profit Rate, Hours Worked, elemental Salary and Address. The Primary Key in the table would be the Employees Id. FIELD NAME DATA TYPE Employees Id Number Name Text Telephone Number Number Address Text Wage Rate coin Hours Worked Number Basic Salary Currency The Validation Rule for the Employees Id would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Entry Must Be A Nonzero Value. The Validation Rule for Telephone Number would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Entry Must Be A Nonzero Value.Validation would also be used for wage rate, hours toyed and basic salary. The validation Rule for Wage Rate would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Entry Must be A Nonzero Value. The Validation Rule for Hours Worked would be 52 and the Validation text would be Less than 52. The Validation Rule for Basic Salary would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Greater than 0. Input Mask Employees I999. 99 Purchases Table This table would reserve fields such(prenominal) as Dealers Id, Name, Item required, Quantity, Date Of Purchase, Price, Discount Allowed and Item Code.The Primary Key would be the Dealers Id. The Dealers Id would be looked up from the Dealers Table. FIELD NAME DATA TYPE Dealers Id Number Name Text Item Required Text Quantity Number Date Of Purchase Date/Time Price Currency Discount Allowed Currency Item Code Number Validation would be used for Dealers Id, Date of Purchase and Price . The Validation Rule for Dealers Id would be 0 and the Validation Text would be Entry Must be A Nonzero value. The Validation Rule for Price would be 60 or 1000 and the Validation Text would be Not Less Than 60 And Not Greater Than 1000.TStock Table The Fields in this table would be the Item Code, Quantity-in-hand, Item Name and Suppliers Name. The Primary Key would be the Item Code. And the Suppliers Name would be looked up from the Suppliers Table. FIELD NAME DATA TYPE Item Code Text Quantity In spend Text Item Name Number Suppliers Name Number The Validation Rule for Item Code would be0 and the Validation text would be Entry Must Be A Nonzero value. Input Mask Item Codtables. I would create a form from the Employees Table.This form would store Employees Id, Name, Wage Rate, Hours Worked and Basic Salary. Other form created would be from the Purchases Table, Dealers Table and the Suppliers table. The form created from the Purchases Table would store Fields such as the Dealers ID, Item Required, item Code, price, Discount Allowed, Date Of purchase, Quantity. The Form created from the Suppliers table would contain fields such as Suppliers Id, Name, Quantity, Item Name, Address and Contact Number. The form created from the Dealers Table would store information such as Dealers Id, Name, Address, Contact Number and Email.A sub from would be created so that the user can update the Dealers Table and the Purchases Table simultaneously. Switchboard animal trainer The Switchboard Manager is a user interface to access the different options available for example repots, queries and forms. It is easier to search for any option. It is very convenient as you can view the queries, forms and reports quickly. The purpose of a Switchboard Manager is to make-work Funer and to save time. The switchboard Manager would benefit my c ompany, as it would save a lot of time. Reports would be generated from the Employees form, Dealers Table, Stock table.In the Employees Report the data would be classified, as the Employees Id would be in ascending order and the Employees Name would be in Alphabetical order. The Data in the Dealers Form would be classified as the Dealers Id would be in ascending order and the Dealers Name would be in Alphabetical Order. The data in the Stock Table would be tabulated, as the Item Code would be in ascending order and the Suppliers Name and Item Name would be in Alphabetical Order. Graphs and charts can be generated from the data provided in the table. This makes the data to a greater extent presentable. Graphs could be implemented for more clarity of data.Queries would be originated from the Dealers Form, Item Table and Purchases form. These queries would sort the data in alphabetical order in an organized manner. Queries are used to display certain information on tables depending upo n a certain criteria specified. Command Buttons would also be implemented for each of the forms. The overlook Buttons would be PRINT ADD NEW RECORD Go TO NEXT FORM DELETE EXIT Some of this data would be screen-based such as the employee information. But other data such as the Dealers Form and the stock reports could be printed out for convenience.The user could do this by applying the print feature in MS ACCESS. Mail Merge This feature will require the need of Microsoft Word. In Word we will first go to the Mail Merge sport in the Tools Menu. This is very simple, to carry out Mail Merge by opening an existing Data Source in Word. The only difference is that when the return dialogue appears I will change the File Type to Microsoft Access Database. The Mail Merge Feature helps to print out a vast majority of letters. For example the company if wants to print out notices to the dealers if closed on a weekday and so onit may use the help of the Mail Merge Feature. All this data wou ld need backup and security. The different possible backups would be storing data on floppies on weekly bases and monthly on CDs. Storing data on CDs would be more appropriate for databases. Data would be stored on floppies as its a cheap medium. The gage Strategies would be password protected files and a power on password. Security Strategies would also include Anti hacking programs, which would be prevent files from being hacked. The Anti Virus Program would protect the data from any virus.Read-only passwords could be put on certain files so that a person would be able to view the file but wont be able to make any changes to it. interview An Interview was conducted with John Ibrahim, the manager of The Fun Drive Company. Q. What is your job description? Ans. My job requires a lot of attention. There is a lot of paper work to do. I have to make sure there is enough staff to satisfy dealers requirements. I have to see whether my company stands out in scathe of quality. Q. How is information Received? Ans. I receive information about all the dealers from the questionnaires handed to them at the beginning of the transaction.I also receive information by conducting a general survey every 2 months. Through these surveys we find out the status of the company in the market and the level of customer gaiety and popularity. Q. What accounts do you prepare? Ans. A Trading And Profit And Loss Account is prepared and also a Balance Sheet is prepared. These Accounts are primed in order to find out the profit of the company. Q. What outputs are generated and where are they stored? Ans. Reports are generated from the data stored on the stock, dealers and employees files.These reports are then stored in cabinets. The Dealers report is generated from the Dealers File and it contains the Dealers in-person information. The Stock Report is originated from the Stock File and it contains detailed information about the products in stock. The Employees Report is procreated from the Employees File and it contains meticulous information about the employees salary, wage rate, hours worked etc. Q. What are the problems encountered? Ans. The data entered might not be accurate. Its time consuming and the reports generated may not be clear and professional.

Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Essay Example for Free

Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Es regulateEthical Treatment of Prisoners BY MeltssaoT People in society today have rules, regulations, and guidelines to watch in order to maintain freedom, safety, structure, and self-discipline. If any of these rules are broken, there are consequences to follow. It depends on the severity of the crime on what type of punishment or consequence is given to an individual. If the crime is severe enough the individual may be deprived of their rights, freedom of movement, and sent to prison for a duration of time. If one is sent to prison then the ethical treatment of prisoners rights must be taking into consideration and analyzed. A prisoner/ con game is a person that has committed a criminal offence and depending on their criminal history he or she may be put on probation or confined to a county Jail or state penitentiary. Once an individual induces behind those block walls their lives then tend to belong to the deputies, correctional ships offi cer or warden that is employed by that facility.Within the prison system there is a division of power that exists. This power can leave feelings of powerlessness and addiction in the prisoners. We all have heard stories of correction officers using their power of authority to abuse and psychologically harm the prisoner. For example a couple of months ago in the state that I live in there was an inmate who was locked up for a minor charge of failure to appear. He was waiting for his dinner this particular evening, and the deputy almost slammed the inmate finger in the door.Of course this escalade into a verbal altercation between the two, and from there a personal fight broke out. The deputy which outweighed the inmate by over 100 pounds picked up the inmate and slammed him on his head onto a concrete floor duplex times until the inmate was unconscious. The Jailhouse officials rush this inmate to the ospital in which he went into a coma, and eventually was placed on life support . The family of this inmate was faced with a difficult situation which was either remove him from life support or leave him there to waste a away.In the end the family made the finale to remove their love one from life support, and the deputy was behind a minor criminal matter the question is did he deserve to be set less than a human being? Did he unfeignedly deserve to die? Some people might argue the fact that because he was locked up then he deserved the treatment that he got and others might voice the difference. I personally say no, because this is still a life and even though he made a mistake there should have been a correct way to go about punishment for this inmate if he really had got out of order.When law abiding citizens and correctional officers look at prisoners, it does not matter what the crime was or how severe the punishment, a prisoner is a nobody. In the United States there are many people that may agree and have strong feelings when it comes to this stateme nt. In ethics a utilitarian may say that human beings should focus on the potential rules of an action and determine what would happen if e or she follows the rules. Utilitarian theory states the moral worth of an action should be determined specifically by its usefulness in maximizing utility and minimizing negative utility.The world as a whole has a moral computer code on how people should conduct themselves, on what is right and wrong. The belief of the utilitarian theory can be used in prisons to help those that really motive to be rehabilitated. I am not saying that this theory will work for all, but there are well-nigh men and women that deserve other chance in life. We have to realize that everyone makes mistakes n their life, some are worse than others, but in the end everyone still deserves to be treated with dignity and respect, no matter what they may have done.I have heard stories about men that may have raped or killed a pocket-size child is sent to prison the cor rectional officers tend to sometime turn their heads and let the other inmates beat him or rape him until he is almost dead. I dont agree with the fact that he hurt a child but at the same time I dont think that its morally right that they go away the other inmates to Jeopardize what little bit of freedom that they may have behind hose prison walls either.The ethical solution to this is when you do have a child rapist sent to prison put those type of people in a area amongst themselves and maybe have counselors around where they can get a better understanding of this person sick mind because sometimes these people that do these type of things have had some type of trauma when they were a child. It is unethical to confine an individual to a correctional facility and expose this individual to danger.When you talk about ethics in prison, in the eyes of some that is either driving by hat facility yard every day or has never really been behind those thick masculine prohibit then one ma y say that these people are animals and they deserve to be behind those bars. Once behind those bars their life changes because they have to be told when to eat, when to sleep, when to walk and talk. If an inmate is not like by a correctional officer or if one does not follow order then they may be deprived of food or even yard time. Torture and beatings will not correct their behavior but will make them more aggressive so that choice is not the best.If any of these things should appen then this may lead to riots and in serious scenarios, killing of security guards. It is best to provide the canonic needs such as food to the prisoners so that there is a harmonious reaction between the prisoner and the correction officer. The utilitarian would say that inmates should follow a morally right rule that would result in happiness in which once they are check to society they can determine what rules citizens. training positive rules will result to good behavior and a change of mind tha t life without freedom is something that one may not want to return to. In contrast..

Issues Involved in Strategic Planning

Issues Involved in strategicalal PlanningThey be stated in precise terms as quantitatively as possible. The emphasis on goals is on measurement of progress toward the attainment of objectives. Goals have the following structures they 1. Are resulting from objects, 2. whirl a normal for measuring presentation, 3. Are articulated in concrete terms, 4. Are sentence-bound and work-oriented.Advantages and DisadvantagesIt helps goernances do to satisfy a breachicular need of the society or to fulfill a particular deficiency in the society. There is al ways a deadline which sometimes is never meant by agreements.Review the issues involved in strategical designingningBusinesses that succeed do so by creating and keeping customers. They do this by providing better value for the customer than the competition.Marketing steering constantly has to evaluate which customers they be trying to reach and how they female genitalia design overlaps and emoluments that provide better valu e (competitive advantage).The main problem with this process is that the environment in which rail linees rent is constantly ever-changing. So a avocation must adapt to reflect changes in the environment and take shape decisions about how to change the selling mix in order to succeed. This process of adapting and decision-making is known as marketing planning.Where does marketing planning fit in with the overall strategic planning of a line of merchandise?Strategic planning is concerned about the overall direction of the caper. It is concerned with marketing, of course. But it also involves decision-making about production and operations, finance, human resource commission and other seam issues.The objective of a strategic plan is to set the direction of a business and draw its shape so that the products and services it provides meet the overall business objectives.Marketing has a key role to play in strategic planning, because it is the job of marketing management to c atch and manage the links between the business and the environment.Sometimes this is quite a straightforward task. For example, in m whatsoever small businesses there is only superstar geographical market and a limited summate of products (perhaps only one product).However, consider the challenge faced by marketing management in a multinational business, with hundreds of business units located almost the globe, producing a wide range of products. How rear end much(prenominal) management keep control of marketing decision-making in such a complex situation? This calls for well-organized marketing planning.What ar the key issues that should be addressed in strategic and marketing planning?The following questions lie at the heart of any marketing and strategic planning process Where ar we now? How did we get there? Where be we heading? Where would we like to be? How do we get there? Are we on course?Why is marketing planning essential?Businesses operate in hostile and increasi ngly complex environment. The ability of a business to compass economic sales is impacted by dozens of environmental components, many of which are interconnected. It makes sense to try to bring some order to this chaos by discretion the commercial environment and bringing some strategic sense to the process of marketing products and services.A marketing plan is useful to many peck in a business. It can help to Identify sources of competitive advantage Gain commitment to a strategy Get resources needed to invest in and throw the business Inform s make upholders in the business Set objectives and strategies Measure performanceAdvantages and DisadvantagesMarket planning delivers a means for actively involving personnel from all areas of the business in the management of the keep accompany and this participation improves the quality of the plans, with the participation of the staffs it enhances their overall understanding of the companys objectives and goal. One of the disadvanta ges is costly to implement.Explain different planning techniquesPlanning is a critical business responsibility that is often overlooked, particularly by smaller companies with limited time and personnel resources. However, the reason for this oversight is often the result of managements need of planning techniques. Learning useful planning methods and factors eliminates this knowledge gap. Business planning is just as critical as having a map when traveling to an unacquainted(predicate) location. Without it you may never reach your destination.Primary Planning TypesBusiness planning types come in various flavors depending on the company size and industry. However, there are three basic plans that apply to all businesses, large or small. Business, strategic and marketing plans are important to every for-profit and nonprofit governing. Understanding the goals and components of each offers businesses the tools to create effective plans using the most basic or sophisticated technique s.Business PlansTypically used for starting up or financing a company, business plans are the cornerstone of the planning function. Components of a business plan include an executive summary, market analysis, product/service descriptions and financial/operations projections for a negligible of three to five years. In start-up situations that need initial financing, creators should paint a vivid, yet conservative, picture of the founders and the rationale for believing the business testament succeed. When seeking growth-financing, management should highlight past company performance and carefully project the impact of the new funding on improving net income. Always include debt service, which is the measure needed to repay the new loan, in income and expense projections.Strategic PlanStrategic plans should be created by business owners and/or senior management only. unalike business plans, which are based on historical info and future projections, strategic plans are more(prenom inal) conceptual. These plans should include defining your organizational goals, identifying your available options to accomplish your objectives and considering new short-term opportunities you believe will exist to improve your businesss results. You may want to incorporate specific industry trends into your planned strategy. Strategic plans are non long-term creations, only should address taking advantage of available opportunities in the next 12 to 24 months.Marketing PlansAll the fabulous business and strategic plans ever devised will fail if you dont market and sell your product or service. A solid marketing plan will help you achieve swinish income and sales goals. A prepare (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is an effective technique for creating a winning marketing plan. SWOT is also useful in strategic plan creation as a foundation technique. You can also combine a SWOT analysis with the four Ps product, price, publicity, and intrust of effe ctive marketing. heretofore if you have invented the better mousetrap, you need a superior marketing plan to get results. These techniques will give you the ammunition you need.SWOT analysis and marketingA vital part of the planning process is looking at the existing position of an industry and trying to decide how factors outer to the business may print the business.An organization can perform a SWOT analysis as a way of deciding which marketing plan to use. The organization performs an audit on the internal and external nature of the company looking at the current and future situation. An audit is a review of all the company s activities.StrengthsReviews the business current strengths such as a good brand or strong sales performanceCan develop the strengths, perhaps in the way they promote the product, or wish to develop new products (Tesco have used their strong brand name to launch several products)WeaknessesReviews the business current weaknesses such poor response times to requests for information or late deliveriesCan implement strategies to eradicate these weaknesses e.g. more resources put into a better warehousing governance for the dispatch of goods.ExternalOpportunitiesReviews the business future opportunities e.g. new engineering making it easier to manufacturer certain goods or new markets abroadCan use strategies to take advantage of the potential opportunities e.g. developing new products to meet the potential increased demand affrightsReviews the business future threats, mostly from increased competition from other firms or from changes in the economic situation.Can employ strategies to ward off these problems, e.g. setting lower prices or increasing promotionRational about the use of a SWOT analysis in measuring the influence of marketing to a business strategyPossible strengths in marketing might be medical specialist marketing expertiseAn innovative product or serviceThe location of the business convenient for customersThe reputation o f the brand perhaps it is trusted or recognise as the highest qualityLikely weaknesses in marketing could includeLack of a clear product differentiation compared with competing productsWeak distribution compared with competitorsInadequate online battlefrontPotential marketing opportunities could includeThe use of technology to develop new productsGrowing demand from overseas markets (e.g. China India)The use of social media like Facebook and chirp to reach new customersA list of likely marketing threats might includeCompetitors introducing better products at lower pricesChanges in the economic environment which back up customers to be less loyal to established brandsChanges in customer tastes and fashionsUniversal TechniquesTo make business planning come alive and succeed there are three simple practices that must be always be employed. First, set realistic, measurable goals. Second, understand and communicate with your customer base. Third, attract and retain the best employe es your company can afford. Without these three components, your business planning, however sophisticated, risks failure on a massive scale. Using these three simple techniques, your business plans should deliver the results you want.SPACE, PIMS.PIMS data can be described as a guide to help management describe the business a business situation and opportunity relative to the offerings of its competitors in two-dimensional space.TASK 2BE ABLE TO FORMULATE A NEW STRATEGYProduce an organizational audit for a given organizationTesco Marketing canvasThe marketing audit is a fundamental part of the marketing planning process. It is conducted non only at the beginning of the process but also during and after the process completion. Marketing audit not only consider its own plan but also considers internal and external factor that affects marketing planning. Some important tools used by marketing audit are SWOT for internal and external environment where as revenue stamp and fivesome Fo rces Analysis which focus only on the external environment.It can be viewed as an umbrella that covers efforts to assess customer needs and wants and to understand community patterns. The external environment is reviewed at micro and macro level.DefinitionThe marketing Audit has been defined by Phillip Kotler strategic market auditing (1977) as a comprehensive, systematic, independent and semestrial examination activities and resources in order to determine problem areas and opportunities and to recommend a plan of action.As per the definitionMarketing Audit is Comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic features. In simple word marketing audit is the complete review of the environment that includes two internal and external environments of any organization. The marketing audit follows the following areas as components of marketing audit Environmental Audit which includes Macro Environmental Audit and Micro Environmental Audit. Marketing Strategy Audit Marketing Organizati on Audit Marketing System Audit Marketing Productivity Audit Marketing Function AuditProcesses and techniques used for auditing the marketing auditing environment follows simple three go area) Agreement on objectives, scope and approach Marketing tender must prepare for the marketing audit by holding discussion with the chief operating officer and the executive staff and briefly reviewing some financial and marketing data. Often objectives are discussed in the meeting such as determine how the market views the company and its competitors, recommending a pricing indemnity, determining sale activity. The audit would cover the marketing operations of the company as a whole.b) Data collection More time is spent on the gathering data. More auditors are involved when the project is large. Auditor has to spent time in deciding what question to be asked, who will be interviewed and so on so forth. Daily reports of the interviews are to be written up and reviewed.c) Report preparation and presentation When the data gathering is over, auditor prepares notes for a visual and verbal presentation to the company officer.Techniques used for auditing the marketing environments are as follows.1) SWOT Analysis It is one of the most important tools of marketing audit. It helps a lot of help to the marketers and is used at the beginning of the marketing audit process. It has advantages as well as drawbacks. Some of the drawbacks are subjective and cannot be relied too much. Therefore it should be used as a guide in the marketing planning and not as a prescription to the process.2) PESTLE Analysis Various factors of the marketing is analyzed by PEST analysis that effects upon the marketing process. An organization that is carrying the analysis needs to study the environmental factors that are internal and external.3) Five Force Analyses This is an analysis that helps the marketers to have a clear picture of competitors for the market. This analysis has some similarities with PES T analysis. In this analysis the marketer goes by five areas of concerns.Analyze and evaluate the external environment of the organization by using PEST framework, Porters Five Forces influence and Product life cycle.Companys profileTesco runs more than 2300 supermarkets and convenience stores in the UK, Ireland, Central Europe and Asia. It is operating in almost areas such as gasoline retail (Tesco Express) small urban stores (Tesco Metro) hypermarkets (Tesco Extra) and Financial service (Tesco Personal Finance). It covers up to 35% spot in US grocery. It is the leading online grocery store and is now expanding its business with a TV channel and a retail based education institution.A) A PEST Analysis of the industry was then undertaken to examine the local, national and global influence of political, economic, social and technological factors to understand opportunities and threats well.An assumption was made that most of these ( political, economic, social, legal and environmen tal ) factors would, to some extent apply to the retail industry in SwedenPolitical Following the European integration and Free Trade Agreements, the market has opened British Companies to invest in Eastern European. It has 60 stores in Hungary. Lidl is fighting hard to maintain its market conduct with an aggressive pricing strategy once morest Tesco.Economic Retail industry is fairly recession proof and also very sensitive to interest rate. Because of September 11 events, the world economy have suffered heavily, stocks were plummeting and prices are low all time. However the world economy is up after the September 11th attack. Consumers are pollyannaish and retail industry is once again boosting.Social There are changes in consumer taste and lifestyle present both opportunities and threats for the retail industry. There are alternative Sweden national retailers which poses additional threats to the Tesco while entering in the Sweden market industry.Technical Introduction of onlin e shopping via internet is now a common place in retailing. IT system undertakes a paperless operation, the management and administration of the company which are monitored by the secured severs, it provides a flexible base for running the business. Sweden is at the forefront of technologically developed with national companies like Ericsson, hence Tesco gets an advantage of developed logistics and distribution channels already in place.One other tool that will be used in these areas is Porter Five Forces. This model can be used to good analytic effect alongside other models such as the SWOT and PEST analysis tools.Five Forces analyses five important in the determination of competitive government agency and these are Buyers source Suppliers power Rivalry among competitors Threat of new entrants Threat of substitute productProblems faced by Tesco can be explained by Porters five forces including of the threat of substitutes from other supermarkets, buyer power, provider power and t he power of customer.Buyer power also decides the prices in the market. If products are expensive in Tesco then they will purchase from Sainsbury. This mean market is disciplined which make the pricing is disciplined as well. This in turn stops them to destroy the market in a profit war.Supplier power is an important part of this model. Supplier power is wielded by suppliers demanding that retailers should pay them certain price for their goods supplied.There is always a threat of substitution, although Tesco tries to ensure brand image and quality by having the best value for the products.Tesco acknowledges the fact that there have always been threats from the competitors and new entrants into the markets and therefore always plan to improve upon developments in its stores.Carry out an environmental audit for a given organizationPESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Environment)Among the in a higher place PESTLE analysis Political, Economic, soc ial and Technological factors are implemented as a technique for the auditing of the marketing environment.Political/ legal-An environment of marketing at any nation is affected due to the political reasons. There should be the management of change once there is a change in the political condition and situation. The system of nation keeps on changing if there is a miss of stability in politics and the organization should change the marketing strategies as per the changing environment so that the organization can exist in the changing environment.Economic-Economics plays a vital role in the marketing environment audit. A country with weak economy cannot compete in the outside(a) market. To be favored in the marketing there should be a sound financial transaction of an organization. Some of the components of economic factors for environmental audit are Interest rates, Business cycles, Investment policies. There should be good investment policies for the investment by the nation so that the interest of the investor in investment increases which helps to fire financial stability in the nation.Social and cultural-Social and cultural refer to the tradition and costumes or belief of people living in a particular geographical region. Social value and norms sometimes becomes the barrier to the marketing environment. There is vast different in the culture and tradition of eastern and westward societies as a result of it the culture of eastern may not be suitable for western and vice versa. The marketing depends upon the culture and tradition of any geographical area. STechnological-In this competitive age technological changes plays a vital role in the marketing. All the developed countries have been successful due to the drastic changes in the technology and their ability to cope with changing technology. Different technologies can be used for the auditing of the marketing environment.SWOT analysis-SWOT analysis includes strength, weaknesses, opportunity and thre ats for an organization. Strength and opportunities are the positive aspect of an organization whereas weaknesses and threats are negative. Similarly strengths and weaknesses are internal environment whereas opportunity and threats are external. upset cost of production and sales, good information about the market and sound finance of the organization are the strengths and lack of communication and low quality of goods are the weaknesses. Similarly lack of competition and expansion of the market is the opportunities whereas control from pressure groups, lack of political and system stability are the threats for any organization.PORTERS five forces model-It consists of five main points that are listed below Bargaining power of the customers It is found in the open or the competitive market where the customer has the advantage over the suppliers or the sellers. A consumer has the choice of quality and the rate and if the supplier fails to fulfil the satisfaction of the consumer there is the chance of the customer to walk away from the suppliers. In this fiber the buyer has every right to complain and the seller need to hear it and recover so that the buyer did not leave the consumption of the commodity..Bargaining power of the supplier We normally find it in the monopoly market where there is the figurehead of only one market. Here the supplier has the advantages over the customers. A seller can fix the price of his own and sell low quality products as a result of it buyer couldnt get enough facilities. As only one marker is available the customers are forced to buy goods from the same shop and have no choice. For an illustration, if one city has only one market the people living there have to purchase the commodities from the same market no matter what the price and quality is because they dont have a second option. In this causal agent the supplier has their own choice of marking prices. Such type of business brings profit motive rather than service motive. Threat of new entrants When there is the presence of new product or the new supplier the old products and the old supplier gets affected. A customer of particular supermarket gets diverted to next one, if the new supplier gives him new schemes ad facilities. Threat from the substitute product It provides the facilities to the consumers as the consumers have enough choices for the commodities to use. The customers wont feel bored of using same product again and again.Rivalry among the competitors Rivalry begins where there is the presence of competitive market or when two similar types of goods are present in the market. It gives advantages to the customers. When there is rivalry among competitors consumers receives the benefits. leave organizational and environmental auditing techniques in a given situation.As for the project work I have chosen Tesco which deals with retail sales of food and plate products. They use PESTEL analysis for the purpose of marketing environment audit.Pol itical-Under political it uses the monopoly system, taxation policies, rules of employing the staffs and government stability as a method of evaluating political environment.Economic-Under the economic sector the interest rates, inflation and business cycles are evaluated for the purpose of environmental marketing audit.Social cultural-There are different cultures of the particular area. The marketing of Tesco has been influenced due to the social cultural factors as well. The different elements under socio cultural which can affect the marketing audit of the organization are demography, distribution of income of the people and their lifestyle.Technology-Technology plays a vital role during upgrade any organization. In this competitive age no organization can ever think of improvement in the absence of technology. The factors influencing technology in an organization can be the development of new technologies, rate of technology transfer and investment on the research of technology. Positioning of Ansoff matrixFor any decision to be taken at the business level, you need the right strategic tools. Ansoff matrix is one of them. Ansoff matrix helps a company decide their market growth as well as product growth strategies. The 2 questions which the Ansoff intercellular substance can answer is How can we grow in the existing markets and What amends can be made in the product portfolio to have better growth.From the above two questions, it is clear that the Ansoff matrix deals with the business external market scenario as well as the product portfolio which the company has. The matrix is divided into two quadrants. The product quadrant and the market quadrant. The Product quadrant on the X axis is further divided into Existing products and New products. The market scenario on the Y axis is divided into existing markets and new markets. Thus the Ansoff matrix divides a firm on the basis of the products it has existing products or new products, as well as the markets it is in existing markets or new markets.Explain the significance of stakeholder analysisWhat is Stakeholder Analysis?Stakeholder Analysis (SA) is a methodology used to facilitate institutional and policy reform processes by accounting for and often incorporating the needs of those who have a stake or an interest in the reforms under consideration. With information on stakeholders, their interests, and their capacity to oppose reform, reform advocates can choose how to best accommodate them, thus assuring policies adopted are politically realistic and sustainable.Although Stakeholder Analysis originated from the business sciences, it has evolved into a field that now incorporates economics, political science, game and decision theory, and environmental sciences. Current models of SA apply a variety of tools on both qualitative and quantitative data to understand stakeholders, their positions, influence with other groups, and their interest in a particular reform. In addition, it pro vides an idea of the impact of reform on political and social forces, illuminates the divergent viewpoints towards proposed reforms and the potential power struggles among groups and individuals, and helps identify potential strategies for negotiating with opposing stakeholders.Who Are StakeholdersA stakeholder is any entity with a declared or conceivable interest or stake in a policy concern. The range of stakeholders relevant to consider for analysis varies according to the complexity of the reform area targeted and the type of reform proposed and, where the stakeholders are not organized, the incentive to include them. Stakeholders can be of any form, size and capacity. They can be individuals, organizations, or unorganized groups. In most cases, stakeholders fall into one or more of the following categories international actors (e.g. donors), national or political actors (e.g. legislators, governors), public sector agencies (e.g. MDAs), interest groups (e.g. unions, medical ass ociations), commercial/private for-profit, non-profit organizations (NGOs, foundations), civil society members, and users/consumers.To achieve Stakeholders objective an organization should be able to separate their interest from each other and as such act according to the power they exert in the organization.Employees of MSHave a welfare department established in 1930.Financial interest safeguarded bonusesJob performance appraises and financial incentiveBenefit case interest free loans granted, Buy as you earn shares, bonus or right issueSuppliersAlways used UK based suppliers, ensuring consistent quality blood to build reliance on suppliersLifelong relationship.Mutual dependability respects the specification and standard.Social commitmentStrong tradition of CSRSponsorship of Charities.Community development efforts disposal social projects.Environment friendlyRemoved artificial color and flavoring from its entire food and soft drinks range-April 2008Launched school wears made fro m recycled plastic bottle scorn tough economic conditions Mark and Spencer stick to Plan A, as it gives them brand and differentiation.AL Gore said a sustainable business can be profitable oneBusiness ContinuityReviewed the tools and processes established to ensure we have the capability to protect our people, the brand, property and profit at all times have plans for all locations both nationally and internationallyDiscussed plans for the Olympics and the Queens Diamond JubileeFull medical and security package introduced for all business travelersTravel tracker system introduced both nationally and internationallyA group training awareness program launched andEvacuation pack and welfare response.Plan AThe External International consultive Board established, comprising academics and advisors, extending our reach to reflect the countries we operate in and source fromDiscussed progress in reducing carbon emissions, improvements in fuel and energy efficiency, reduction in waste and pa ckaging, improvements in recycling and the MS/Oxfam clothes exchangeAn update on work with suppliers to set up 12 Ethical Model factories in Bangladesh and three in IndiaReview of commitments against planOverview of discussions with UNICEF outside the UK on social development programs linked to the garment industry andOverview of what we believe will be benchmarked as industry leading positions across a number of key areas.General Merchandise estimable sourcingReviewed how we manage the ethical risks across our supply chain outlining our ethical trading approach across 1.7 million workers, spread over 1,448 sites in over 77 countries with 55 different languagesConsidered the key ethical issues including excessive running(a) hours, poor health and safety, terms and conditions of employment, migrant labour, and low

Can Nanotechnology Transform Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars?

Can Nanotechnology Transform Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars?Juan Manuel Var accelerator Ferreira Can Nanotechnology convert heat content fire carrel cars into mainstream vehicles? Section 1 Abstract The aim of this report is to determine whether Nanotechnology apprize transmogrify atomic number 1 fuel kiosk cars into mainstream vehicles through emendments in the apostrophize of catalysts (Section 4A) plus hydrogen production (Section 4B) battery behavior (Section 4C) and the safety of hydrogen stock (Section 4D). The word mainstream for this report fashion that there impart be at least 1.15 million hydrogen fuel cell cars on the worlds roads the number of galvanic cars in the the satellite (Carbon brief, 2016)Section 2 Introduction Nanotechnology is about observing and manipulating matter occupying the nanoscale, which is ranges from 1 nanometre to 100 nanometres (Nanodic.com, nd). A nanometre is one billionth of a m or 100 000 times smaller than the width of human hair (Di gPhilosophy, 2013). Nanotechnology is a principle factor in improving hydrogen fuel cells, which be devices that harness the energy of hydrogen to shake electricity via a chemical reaction without combustion (CHFCA, nd). These devices allow be crucial as they are utilise to make zero carbon copy footprint cars. Reducing the carbon footprint of humanity will reduce the far reaching effects of global warning, which insure ecosystems and agriculture among separate variables (Barret, nd). Therefore, the development and implementation of hydrogen fuel cell cars will devour a great influence in safe guarding life in our planet.DS1Section 3 MethodologyFinancial Sources for Research For any project to go forward to the physical enquiry stage there mustiness be internal and/or external sources of finance. Some examples include government grants, companies and non profit companies (Understanding Science, nd). For my own research, the most appropriate source of finance would be fam ilys income. This is because I will solely be buy ining out secondary research.Creating a budget for ResearchDS2The budget contendd for my research entails the consideration of the following comprise of broadband (SKY, 2016)Cost of electricity (sust-it, 2015)Cost of leasing of a computer (HARDSOFT, 2016)Cost Specification Monitory Cost (pounds)Broadband16Electricity0.34Leasing a computer65 intact appeal81.34Research influences and techniques In order to carry out the necessary research I utilize the Internets extensive database. The techniques involved in this kind of research are web browsing, which involves writing the pull inic or question you wish to explore in a search engine and extracting revelation information from the sources that appear. The other technique involved is referencing with the world renowned Harvard referencing model.Ethical Issues NanotechnologyDS3Although Nanotechnology has an array of very useful applications some ethical concerns were raised against its implementation. much(prenominal) concerns revolve mainly virtually the fact that it is not yet clear whether nanoparticles can, in fact, interact negatively with our cells. There are already examples of other types of particles of similar dimensions causing harm to our bodies. Such an example would be car fume particles being deposited in our lungs (techNyouvids, 2013) and possibly causing cancer, cardiovascular diseases and asthma attacks (Nairaland Forum, 2013). It is therefore only logical to question whether nanomaterials will have the same or worse effects on our health. As a result, more research would have to be carried out if Nanotechnology is to be an establish discipline with common practice within society.Section 4 Results and Discussion A Reducing the cost of the catalystsNanotechnology can reduce the cost of the catalyst (normally Platinum) used in a hydrogen fuel cells as less of the catalyst would be used (Soutter, 2016). In order to scale down traditional cata lysts, the top down manufacturing process can be used, which involves breaking down material of larger dimension into the desired nanomaterial (GrennFacts, 2016). Notable disadvantages of this process include the fact that a lot of material is wasted (2 Nano.gov, nd). and that approximately 250 complex steps are required to have the finished product (NanoScale Systems, 2015). An alternative technique is the bottom up manufacturing process, which entails building nanomaterials by constructing single atoms and molecules (GrennFacts, 2016).Additionally, since the catalyst is at nanoscale it will have a greater surface area increasing the reactivity of the catalyst and so the speed of the fuel cells chemical reaction (Nano.gov, nd). The benefits can be further developed by the introduction of porous nano support structures such as nanotubes, which would make the platinum nanoparticles even more accessible for reacting (Soutter, 2016). This would mean that electricity would me delivere d to the motor more quickly and so increase the acceleration of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Such an improvement would definitely make it more competitive in the commercialize and aid fuel cell cars to enter into mainstream industry waters.Furthermore, the development of normality doped nanotubes can replace platinum catalyst. Hence reducing the cost of hydrogen fuel cells since the cost of the catalyst amounted for 25% of the overall fuel cell cost (Soutter, 2016). The cheaper cost of nanotube catalysts is not the only advantage they offer they will also provide the fuel cell with the same or greater power output compared to the standard platinum catalyst. It is also important to consider the fact that nanotube structures are also stronger than conventional catalysts meaning they are not compromised by carbon monoxide when reacting chemically to create electricity. Such improvements would mean that fuel cell cars are even cheaper more powerful and have a thirster running life . As a result, Nanotechnology is certainly aiding this emerging car technology to enter the main road of the 21st-century commercial vehicle industry.B Reducing the cost of hydrogen production Around 75% of everything in our universe is in fact hydrogen (D spick-and-spans, 2015). As result utilizing this abundant element to fuel our cars seems the likes of a well-funded idea. Its production is also not in its infancy of development as the U.S creates 9 million metric tones of hydrogen annually (Dnews, 2015). However, current methods of hydrogen production are not ideal. An example would be that the method of obtaining hydrogen by breaking natural gas with high temperatures and pressures produces carbon dioxide. Another procedure involves splitting oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water with electricity, formally known as electrolysis (Dnews, 2015). Unfortunately, electricity for electrolysis is mainly obtained through the combustion of coal that is another carbon dioxide emitting proces s. The process of hydrogen production is also a notoriously expensive procedure, which is part of the reason for the lack of implementation of hydrogen fuel cell cars.Interestingly, however, creating new catalysts can also reduce the manufacturing of hydrogen. Since hydrogen can be produced by decomposing natural gas, which requires being passed over silicon or aluminum catalyst (BBC Bitesize, nd), a decrease in the price of the catalyst would directly reduce the cost of manufacturing hydrogen.C Extending fuel cells life once fully chargedThere have been numerous collaborations in order to improve the durability of batteries. One exciting development are nanowire batteries, which are now said to be able to have 200, 000 rounds of charging due to work at the University of California Irvine. Nanowires are made from gold and future developments could potentially provide the world with the first battery that does not require recharging. Another type of battery using nanotechnology has been developed by the MIT that last three times as long as current options on the market and it can be fully charged in just 6 minutes they have named it nano yolk (Pocket lit, 2016). Such developments would not only mean hydrogen fuel cell cars become mainstream vehicles but the main way of transport for our ever growing population (Pocket lit, 2016).D Increasing the safety of hydrogen storage A recent paper (ACS Nano) has suggested Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as an absorptive storage compound for hydrogen. The paper by leading author Dr. Kondo Francois Aguey Zinsou also stated that NaBH4 can absorb hydrogen so that it gives hydrogen fuel the same energy potential as that of petrol in a similar fuel tank. This would improve the safety of hydrogen storage since the compound NaBaH4 doesnt release hydrogen significantly at cabin temperatures, ranging from 57.3 degrees Celsius to 60.5 degrees Celsius (Manning, R., Ewing, J., 2009) DS4However, the compound does have to be engineered in the nanoscale and it has to be engulfed in a nickel shell. Moreover, the sponge-like compound (NaBH4) only releases hydrogen predominantly at 350 degrees Celsius (The A Register, nd).Section 5 ConclusionsDS5In order to determine whether Nanotechnology can transform hydrogen fuel cell cars into mainstream vehicles, the possibility of 1.15 million hydrogen fuel cell cars being part of the worlds roads must be analyzed. A supposititious perspective on the matter is provided by the US setting the target of having at least 15% of all of Californias cars to be zero emission vehicles be 2025 (Dnews, nd), that translates to 4.2 million cars In 2012 there were 27.7 million registered cars in California (Reference, nd). That most certainly exceeds my target of 1.5 million, which suggest Nanotechnology is on its way to make fuel cell cars mainstream vehicles in America at least. Therefore, I can conclude that Nanotechnology will turn hydrogen fuel cell cars into mainstream vehicles. It is just a matter of time and whether it will be sooner rather than later.Section 6 EvaluationDS6Overall the micro research project was carried well. I managed to acquire information from the Internet related to my chosen topic. Although a modification I would make for future report-writing would be to explore my general and then specific subject area before writing my report. I would do this because it will provide me with greater focus from the preliminary stages.In order to further the research work in this report, I would like to carry out primary research on the topic of producing hydrogen with no greenhouse emissions and on whether water vapor is a worse greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.Section 7 ReferencesDS7Barett, J.T. (nd) How Does the Release of Car Exhaust Fumes Cause Global Warming ready(prenominal) athttp//education.seattlepi.com/release-car-exhaust-fumes-cause-global-warming-3682.html (Accessed 30 dreadful 2016).BBC Bitesize (nd) fragmental distillation acquirable at http//www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zm2v4wx/revision/2 (Accessed 2 September 2016)CarbonBrief (2016) IEA There are now more than 1 million electric cars on the worlds road Available at https//www.carbonbrief.org/iea-there-are-now-more-than-one-million-electric-cars-on-the-worlds-roads (Accessed 30 August 2016).CHFCA (nd) What is a fuel cell Available athttp//www.chfca.ca/education-centre/what-is-a-fuel-cell/ (Accessed 30 August 2016).DigPhilosophy (2013) What is Nanotechnology? What applications can it be used for? Available at https//youtu.be/WOqEk440JZ8 (Accessed 29 August 2016).Dnews (2015) How Hydrogen Fuel Is Made Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5b6SthDbsE (Accessed 2September 2016)GreenFacts (2016) Bottom-up vs Top-down (in the context of use of nanoparticle formation) Available at http//www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/bottom-up-top-down.htm (Accessed 31 August 2016)HARDSOFT (2016) Lease and Hire the iMac 27 Retina 5k Available at https//www.hardsoftcomputer s.co.uk/apple-macs/apple-desktops/imac-27-retina-5k (Accessed 31 August 2016)Manning, R., Ewing, J. (2009) Temperature in Cars stare Available at https//www.racq.com.au//cars%20and%20driving//0814_temperature_in_cars_su.. (Accessed 3 September 2016)Nairaland Forum (2013) Do You Know How Dangerous The Car Exhaust Is To Your Health Car berate Nairaland Available at http//www.nairaland.com/1461704/know-how-dangerous-car-exhaust(Accessed 30 August 2016).Nanodic.com (nd) Nanoscale Available at http//www.nanodic.com/general/Nanoscale.htm (Accessed 1 September 2016)Nano.gov (nd) Whats So Special about the Nanoscale Available at http//www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/special (Accessed 30 August 2016).2 Nano.gov (nd) Manufacturing at the Nanoscale Available at http//www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/manufacturing (Accessed 31 August 2016)NanoScale Systems (2015) Top Down vs Bottom Up 3D -Printing of sensors on the nanoscale Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1GepWC4WQ0 (Accessed 31 Aug ust 2016)Pocket lit (2016) Future Batteries, coming soon charge in seconds, last months and power over air Available at http//www.pocket-lint.com/news/130380-future-batteries-coming-soon-charge-in-seconds-last-months-and-power-over-the-air (Accessed 2September 2016)Register (nd) How many vehicles are in California Available at https//www.reference.com/vehicles/many-registered-vehicles-california-52c20f61bcb10e9d (Accessed 2 September 2016)SKY (2016) Sky Broadband Fibre and Talk Available at http//www.sky.com/shop/broadband-talk/ (Accessed 31 August 2016)Soutter, W. (2016) Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells Available at http//www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3032(Accessed 30 August 2016).sust-it (2015) Electricity Cost Calculator Available at http//www.sust-it.net/energy-calculator.php (Accessed 31 August 2016)Understanding Science (nd) Who pays for science Available at http//undsci.berkeley.edu/article/who_pays (Accessed 30 August 2016).techNyouvids (2013) Manufactured Nanomaterial s Health, Safety and the Environment Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkpcUpattE8 (Accessed 31 August 2016)The A Register (nd) Scientists find a new way to store hydrogen Available at http//www.theregister.co.uk/2012/08/17/safe_hydrogen_storage/ (Accessed 2nd of September)Section 8 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the University of East London for hosting the STEM4TECH lectures that enabled me to understand and apply common practice in academe regarding report writing. I would also like to thank Dekkel Simmons for delivering the lectures and Andre Mozert for supporting the STEM4TECH project. DS1GoodDS2GoodDS3Good.DS4Not consistent with Harvard referencing.DS5GoodDS6GoodDS7Good

Another Holiday for the Prince Essay -- Literary Analysis, Elizabeth

In Another Holiday for the Prince by Elizabeth Jolley the author draws upon many themes, one in particular(a) that Jolley illustrates is how poverty influences changes in the individual lives within one family. To begin with the head of the family a father is never mentioned in the story, not even once. But by not having a father figure in the story the reader can understand a lot. In society the man is the one who earns the funds and provides all the essentials for his family, however this story is presented in a society were the mother has to be the man of the family. Ones egoism can be diminished as a result of poverty, alienation destructive effects of a week personality or society on the individual. The author effectively conveys this theme through the habit of characterization, symbolism and contrast. Jolley uses characterization to individualize each character in a poverty stricken family. The son is referred to as a prince by his mother some(prenominal) times through kay oed the story even though he is a high school muster outout. Mother always called him Prince she worried about him all the time. I couldnt think why. He was only my brother and a drop out at that (117). The author portrays the son to be someone with low self-esteem because he is worthless and a drop out he lives a miserable life. His mother tries to provide him with as much, but is unable to do this because of her accessible status is society. Sleeps the best thing he can have. I wish hed eat She watched me as I took bread and spread the butter thick, she was never mean about butter, when we didnt have other things we always had plenty of butter (117). Through this passage the author convincingly demonstrates that they are poor and cannot afford an assortment of thing... ...eral topic of school. The sister strives to graduate and go to school even though she is poor spell her brother blames the school for him dropping out and not graduating. I got out my social studies. Hot leg s has this idea of a test every Wednesday (118). This demonstrates that she is driven to study for class and get good grades while her brother tries to convince her that school is worth nothing and that there is no point in attending. Why dont you get out onwards they chuck you out. Thats all crap, he said, knocking the books across the floor. Youll only fail your exam and they dont want failures, spoils their bloody numbers. Theyll ask you to leave, keep in line if they dont (118). The brother tries to convince his sister that school is not a necessity and that living the way he does, being a drop out living in a poverty stricken family is the best thing.

Bubonic Plague :: essays research papers

Essay On Bubonic PlagueIn the primal 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in the east. Plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the illness to people. Once people are polluteed, they infect others very rapidly. Plague causes fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes, which is how it gets its name. The disease also causes spots on the skin that are red at archetypal and then turn black. Since China was one of the busiest of the worlds trading nations, it was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China outflank to western Asia and Europe. In October of 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in Sicily, many an(prenominal) of those on board were already dying of plague. Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside. An eyewitness tells what happened "Realizing what a deadly disaster ha d get on to them, the people quickly drove the Italians from their city. But the disease remained, and before long death was everywhere. Fathers abandoned their sick sons. Lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a Christian burial."The disease struck and killed people with terrible speed. The Italian writer Boccaccio said its victims often "ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise."By the following August, the plague had spread as far north as England, where people called it "The Black Death" because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe, and Medieval medicine had nothing to attack it. In winter the disease seemed to disappear, but only because fleas--which were now helping to carry it from person to person--are dormant then. Each spring, the plague attacked again, killing new victims. later five years 25 million people were dead--one-third of Europes people. Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plagues return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s.